Definition:
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is the result of a weakening of the aortic wall as a result of atherosclerotic vascular disease. A true aneursym involves all three layers of the vessel wall, while a false aneurysm involves only one of the three layers. Risk factors for AAA include atherosclerosis, age, inflammation, infection, and genetic diseases (including Marfan's syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome). The dilation of the aorta as a result of the aneurysm increases the risk of a dissection or rupture of the aorta, which can be fatal.
Symptoms:
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In about 50% of cases, usually asymptomatic until dissection/rupture
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Abdominal pain referred to the back
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Abdominal organ pain (dull, feels like someone is pushing down on organs)
Diagnosis:
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Physical Exam - pulsation of aorta greater than 2cm or pulsating abdominal mass
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Ultrasound - for visualization of aorta
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Chest X-Ray - to visualize calcification of aorta
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CT scan - after ultrasound to determine extent of disease for treatment decision
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MRI scan - for patients who are allergic to contrast
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Angiography - preoperative evaluation in patients with vascular disease
Treatment:
