Definition:
The heart lining is divided into three layers, the outer epicardium, the middle muscular myocardium, and the inner endocardium. Endocarditis is the inflammation of the endocardium, which lines the four valves and the four chambers of the heart. Endocarditis can be broken down by its underlying cause. If germs somehow have managed to penetrate the heart muscle, it is called infective endocarditis. If bacteria is the culprit, then it is called bacterial endocarditis.
Symptoms:
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Anemia
- Weakness
- Chills
- Night sweats
- Muscle aches and pains
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
- Swelling in the legs
- Excessive sweating
- Loss of appetite
- Skin abnormalities (rashes, red spots); can also show up in the nailbeds and eyes
Diagnosis:
- Stethoscope - new heart murmur appears
- Blood tests - to see if there are any known bacteria or other microorganisms in the blood
- Echocardiography - visualization of the heart muscle, can see thickening of heart lining and abnormal growths
- Transesophageal echocardiogram - to specifically check the heart valves
- Electrocardiogram - shows abnormal waves of electrical activity of the heart
- Chest X-Ray - may show fluid accumulation
Treatment:
- Hospitalization
- IV antibiotics (4-6 weeks)
- Surgery
